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Pay Zone

The rock strata which constitutes the oil and gas reservoir.

Perforations

Holes made in the casing, cement, and formation through which formation fluids may blow into the well bore.

Permeability

A measure of the ability of a rock to transmit fluids, usually measured in millidarcies (md).

Petrochemicals

Chemicals derived from petroleum; feedstocks for manufacturing a variety of plastics and synthetic rubbers.

Petroleum

Petroleum is composed mainly of the elements carbon and hydrogen in chains as well as nitrogen and sulphur.

Perforating

A method of shooting holes in casing to allow fluids into the well.

Pigs

"Pigs" in the industry nickname for devices that can be sent down gas or liquids pipelines for a variety of purposes e.g. cleaning pigs have wire brushes or scrapers to clean the inside of the pipeline, batching pigs are used on liquids pipelines to separate different products being pumped. Pigs are launched and received in ‘pig’ (or ‘scraper’) launches and ‘traps’ (or ‘receivers’) respectively. ‘Intelligent’ pigs are used to inspect pipelines.

Plug A Well

To fill the borehole of an abandoned well with mud and cement to prevent the flow of water or oil from one strata to another to the surface.

Porosity

The volume of the pore space expressed as a percent of the total volume of the rock mass; an important property of oil-bearing formations. Good porosity indicates an ability to hold large amounts of oil in the rock.

Pour Point Depressant

A chemical agent added to oil to keep it flowing to low temperatures.

Prospect

Leases or other rights on a particular geographical area believed to like on specific geologic structural or stratigraphic trap believed to contain oil, gas or both.

Proved Reserves

Those quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids which, upon analysis of geologic and engineering data, appear with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.

Proved Developed Reserves

Reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Additional oil and gas expected to be obtained through the application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques for supplementing the natural forces and mechanisms of primary recovery are included as "proved developed reserves" only after a testing by a pilot programme or after the operation of an installed programme has confirmed through production response that increased recovery will be achieved.

Proved Undeveloped Reserves

Reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

Pumping Well

A well produced by artificial lift by a subsurface pump.

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