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Facies

The particular physical and lithologic characteristics of a rock horizon such as sandstone facies, shale facies, etc. As facies change laterally, (i.e. sandstone to shale) a stratigraphic trap may be developed.

Farm-in

An arrangement where one oil operator buys into a lease owned by another operation where oil or gas has been discovered or is being produced. Farm-ins are often negotiated to assist the original owner with development costs or to secure a source of crude or natural gas for the buyer.

Farm-out

The agreement made between oil operators where by the owner of a lease not interested in drilling at the present time agrees to assign the lease or part of it to another operator who wants to drill the acreage.

Fault

A break or fracture zone in the rock in which adjacent rocks have moved relative to one another.

Fault Trap

A trap for oil or gas in which the closure, forming the trap, results from the presence of one or more faults.

Field

A test well or group of test wells defining the limit of an oil or gas pool.

Fishing

The effort to recover tools, pipe or other objects from the well bore that may have become detached while in the well.

Flaring

The burning of unwanted gas a means of disposing of it during completion operations.

Flash Point

The temperature at which a given substance will ignite.

Fluid Injection

The injection down the bore hold of a single test well or a group to test wells, or gas, water, or other liquid into a reservoir to force oil toward adjacent producing wells.

Formation

An individual bed or group of beds distinctive in character and persisting over a fairly large area.

Fossil Fuel

Energy derived from coal, crude oil, natural gas - combustible hydrocarbon formed from organic matter in the earth over millions of years.

Fracturing

Application of hydraulic pressure to the reservoir to create or enlarge fractures through which oil and gas may be produced.

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